ARP Poisoning

 ARP poisoning, also known as ARP spoofing or ARP cache poisoning, is a type of cyber attack that involves manipulating the ARP cache on a network. ARP is the Address Resolution Protocol, which is responsible for translating IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. ARP poisoning involves sending falsified ARP messages to a network, which can result in the attacker intercepting and modifying network traffic.

Where is this attack used?

ARP poisoning is commonly used in attacks against local area networks (LANs), where multiple devices are connected to the same network. This type of attack can allow an attacker to intercept and view network traffic, including sensitive information such as login credentials, financial information, and personal data.

Why use this attack?

Hackers use ARP poisoning to gain unauthorized access to a network or to steal sensitive information. This type of attack is particularly effective in environments where security measures are not properly implemented, such as in public Wi-Fi hotspots or unsecured networks.

Types with Explanation:

There are two types of ARP poisoning attacks: passive and active.

1. Passive ARP poisoning: In this type of attack, the attacker simply observes network traffic without modifying it. The attacker intercepts the data packets, but simply observes the contents without modifying them.

2. Active ARP poisoning: In this type of attack, the attacker actively modifies network traffic, allowing them to intercept and modify data packets. This can allow the attacker to steal sensitive information or perform other malicious actions.

Methods of attacks:

There are several methods that can be used to carry out an ARP poisoning attack:

1. Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack: This involves intercepting traffic between two devices and modifying the data as it passes through the attacker's system.

2. Denial-of-service (DoS) attack: This involves flooding the network with false ARP messages, causing legitimate devices to be disconnected from the network.

3. Reverse ARP (RARP) poisoning: This involves sending false RARP messages to a device, causing it to associate the attacker's MAC address with its own IP address.

How to secure from this attack:

There are several measures that can be taken to protect against ARP poisoning attacks:

1. Implement secure ARP protocols, such as ARP spoofing detection.

2. Use network segmentation to limit the number of devices on a network.

3. Use encryption to protect sensitive data.

4. Implement access controls and other security measures, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems.